Villains or Not? Examining Anti-Hero Characters in Select Films
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Date
2026
Journal Title
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Volume Title
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ASST. PROF. VALERIE J. AFONSO
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to analyze the concept of ‘anti-hero’ beyond that of the traditional villain through the selected films. In classical literature and cinema, the traditional villain was portrayed as purely evil and selfish, and the only purpose was to oppose the hero. Earlier literature and cinema were based on the absolute good versus evil, whereas modern literature and cinema are beginning to explore the complexities involved in human morality and develop three-dimensional characters that are better representations of real-life people. The research project will explore how anti-heroes are developed through personal tragedy, social injustice, corruption, mental illness, and emotional pain. This research project will examine five films in detail – Gabbar Is Back, V For Vendetta, Joker, Promising Young Woman and Birds of Prey – to show how anti-heroes commit illegal or violent acts to achieve their goals while still being motivated by a desire for justice, revenge or positive change. An examination of the themes of sacrifice, rebellion, morality, corruption, trauma, and resistance will be conducted using key scenes and dialogue from the films. The study investigates how anti-heroes and villains have changed from past literature and films up until now, as well as how people’s perceptions have changed over time. A survey was conducted on today’s young adult population regarding their views on anti-heroes and why they tend to prefer characters who are imperfect/realistic over those who are perfect/idealistic. Results indicate that modern anti-heroes reflect the real-life difficulties of being human and the complexities of society today. Ultimately, it was concluded in this research project that moral “good” and moral “evil” no longer define how we see ourselves and the world through film; therefore, many see anti- heroes as relatable.