A STUDY ON THE SOCIO – ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RIVER SAL ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES
Date
2026
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
ASST. PROF. RAISA CARDOZO
Abstract
This study examines the socio-economic impact of River Sal on local communities in South Goa. Historically regarded as a lifeline of the Salcete region, River Sal has supported fishing, agriculture, trade, and cultural practices. However, rapid urbanisation, sewage discharge, industrial effluents, and solid waste dumping have contributed to significant environmental degradation, affecting both biodiversity and human livelihoods.
The research adopts a descriptive and exploratory design using a mixed-method approach. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews with approximately 30 respondents residing in villages along River Sal. Secondary data were obtained from academic literature, government reports, and newspaper sources. The study applies sociological perspectives such as Environmental Sociology, Risk Society Theory, Political Ecology, and Common Pool Resource Theory to analyse the interconnected relationship between environment and society.
Findings reveal that a majority of respondents perceive a decline in water quality and fish availability. Garbage dumping and sewage discharge are identified as major causes of pollution. While many respondents depend directly or indirectly on the river for livelihood, most believe that government interventions are insufficient. At the same time, strong community awareness and willingness to participate in conservation efforts were observed.
The study concludes that River Sal functions as a socio-ecological indicator reflecting governance gaps, environmental risk, and livelihood vulnerability. Sustainable river management requires integrated policy implementation, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and active community participation to ensure protection for future generations.