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Item Evaluating the impact of financial and behavioural determinants on consumptive behaviour through the mediating role of mental accounting(Discover Psychology, 2026) Korde, ShilpaThe role of mental accounting has emerged more clearly in the light of the contemporary changes in organisations and environments. Financial and behavioural determinants are increasingly recognised as key drivers of individual consumption patterns. The present study investigates the financial and behavioural factors that interact through mental accounting to shape consumptive behaviour among working individuals in Goa, India. The independent variables comprised financial factors, including digital wallet and financial literacy, and behavioural factors, such as overconfidence and time orientation, while consumptive behaviour was the dependent variable. This study is grounded in behavioural finance theory and employs a quantitative design, using survey data from 328 working individuals in Goa collected through a proportionate stratified random sampling method and analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results show that digital wallets, financial literacy, and overconfidence significantly influence mental accounting, while overconfidence and mental accounting significantly affect consumptive behaviour; however, time orientation, digital wallets, and financial literacy show no significant direct effect on consumptive behaviour. Mental accounting does not mediate the relationship between digital wallets and consumptive behaviour, but fully mediates the relationship between financial literacy and consumptive behaviour.Item Evaluating the dynamics of perceived service quality, citizen satisfaction, and gender in influencing the adoption of E-governance services(Cogent Social Sciences, 12(1), 2026) Korde, ShilpaIn the technological era, the adoption of e-governance services (AD) is vital for enhancing social growth as it directly shapes citizens’ experiences with public service delivery. This study examines the relationships between perceived service quality (PSQ), citizen satisfaction (CS) and AD, while assessing the mediating role of CS and the moderating effect of gender. PSQ is conceptualised as a higher-order construct comprising information, navigation, responsiveness, security and privacy. Data were collected from 673 citizens in Goa, India, using a structured questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale, and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings demonstrate that PSQ significantly influences both CS and AD, with CS partially mediating the relationship between PSQ and AD. Gender moderated the relationships between PSQ and CS and between CS and AD, but not the direct effect of PSQ on AD. These results highlight that the study theoretically strengthens e-governance adoption models by positioning PSQ as both a direct and an indirect determinant of adoption, while recognising gender’s conditional role. Practically, it emphasises enhancing service quality and adopting gender-responsive strategies to improve satisfaction and foster wider adoption of e-governance services.Item Willingness to use liquified petroleum gas as the main fuel in selected talukas of Goa(Artha Vijnana, 2026) Undakotti, MohanThe over-dependence on firewood by rural households is a major deterrent to the adoption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Although LPG as a clean cooking fuel is widely acknowledged in the energy-transition literature, only a few studies have acknowledged the impacts of LPG on the rural household fuel choice decision. This study attempted to determine the factors influencing rural households’ willingness to use LPG as the main fuel and its relationship with LPG usage in the selected talukas of Goa. The analysis revealed that LPG was primarily used for cooking meals, preparing tea, and making quick snacks. Firewood was the most preferred fuel choice for heating water for bathing and continues to dominate the cooking-fuel landscape in rural areas. A major concern for not using LPG was its high refilling cost, while the main drivers of LPG usage were ease of refilling, convenience of cooking, and low risks. Based on the findings, the study suggests immediate measures such as relaunching the LPG subsidy scheme that was stopped in May 2020, universal coverage of the subsidy scheme irrespective of caste and income criteria, greater awareness on the efficient use of LPG stoves, expanding LPG distribution networks in rural areas, and imposing restrictions on firewood collection, including a ban on the collection of dead and fallen branches from the trees, all of which would help increase the proportion of the rural population dependent on LPG. Households would be willing to switch over to LPG completely if the issue of affordability is addressed by the government. Additionally, education and awareness campaigns on the health risks associated with firewood cooking, particularly indoor air pollution, should be encouraged, especially in rural areas.Item DETERMINANTS OF PASSENGER SATISFACTION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE GOAN MARKET(Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2026) Bhende, SeemaIn the modern aviation landscape, service quality has transitioned from a competitive advantage to a strategic necessity. This study investigates the determinants of passenger satisfaction within the Goan aviation market, focusing on travelers at Dabolim and Manohar International Airports. Utilizing a descriptive research design and a quantitative approach, data was collected from 308 respondents using convenience and snowball sampling. The research evaluates key service dimensions, including pre-flight operations, in-flight safety, and staff professionalism, through the lens of the SERVQUAL and Expectancy-Disconfirmation models. Statistical analysis, including Mean scores and Chi-Square testing, revealed a high aggregate satisfaction across all studied variables. In-flight safety emerged as the highest-performing dimension (Mean = 3.98), followed by staff behavior and communication (Mean = 3.84). The results indicate that while price is a significant factor for approximately 20.78% of travelers, the majority prioritize service excellence and reliability. All null hypotheses were rejected (p < 0.001), confirming that service quality dimensions have a statistically significant impact on passenger contentment. The findings suggest that airlines must bridge the "satisfaction gap" by maintaining consistent service standards to foster long-term loyalty in a hyper-competitive environment.Item NAVIGATING THE FUTURE OF WORK: A EMPIRICAL STUDY ON YOUTH PERCEPTIONS OF REMOTE VERSUS TRADITIONAL OFFICE ENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTH GOA(Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2026) Bhende, SeemaThis study investigates the evolving preferences of the younger workforce toward Work From Home (WFH) and Traditional Office arrangements. As corporate structures adapt to increasingly dynamic and flexible environments, understanding how emerging professionals view these models is vital for organizational design and regional policymaking. Employing a descriptive research framework, primary data was gathered from 222 youth respondents residing in South Goa via a highly structured questionnaire. Analytical techniques, including descriptive percentage analysis and inferential Chi-square statistical testing, were executed to evaluate the correlation between socio-demographic variables and specific work modality preferences. The empirical results demonstrate that while age, gender, and monthly income maintain statistically non-significant relationships with workplace preference, individual employment status yields a highly significant association. Ultimately, the youth of South Goa express a prominent preference for balanced, adaptable hybrid models. This paper outlines recommendations for cultivating employee-centric policies aligned with contemporary workforce expectations.Item Does Innovation Drive Firm Performance? Evidence from Emerging Markets(Indian Journal of Finance (2026): 29-45, 2026) Fernandes, LizannePurpose : The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of Research & Development (R&D) through innovation in enhancing a firm’s performance and value among Indian non-financial firms in India. Design/Methodology/Approach : The present research employed a quantitative methodology, based on a balanced dataset spanning 2010–2011 to 2023–2024 and comprising 335 companies. Dynamic panel regression models were drawn from the generalized method of moments estimation. Key Findings : The study results showed that R&D significantly increased market performance but negatively impacted short-run profitability. Moreover, Indian non-financial firms had moderate to high profit persistence. Practical Implications : In a dynamic business environment, R&D investments help to sustain competitive advantage. As such, managers need to strategically manage such investments in light of long-term growth and sustainability. In addition, policymakers should consider implementing incentives to foster innovation through R&D investments among Indian listed non-financial companies. Originality/Value : This study contributes by investigating the relationship between innovation and firm performance and the value relevance of R&D investments among non-financial firms in India.Item Evaluating the Factors Influencing Citizens’ Satisfaction towards E-Governance Services(Canadian Perspectives on Academic Integrity, 8(5), 1-12, 2025) Korde, ShilpaThe present study focuses on knowing how well-informed the citizens are about the e-governance services and measuring how satisfied citizens are with the e-governance services offered by the Goa Government. For this purpose, a sample of 150 respondents has been selected and studied. Data was collected through a designed questionnaire and analysed using the chi-square test, ANOVA, and factor analysis. An outcome of the study reveals that citizens are well informed about the e-governance services, and the elements such as reliability, security and privacy, citizen support, and transparency have a significantly positive impact on citizens' satisfaction in the state of Goa.Item Drivers of Geographical Indication (GI) Tags’ Adoption Among Cashew Feni Producers: Extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour Using PLS-SEM(World 2025, 6, 119., 2026) Korde, ShilpaThis study explores the factors influencing the willingness of Cashew Feni producers to adopt GI certifications, delving deeper into the behavioural factors. This study is guided by the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour. This study was conducted in Goa, India, from June 2024 to January 2025 using a quantitative approach. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were conducted with Cashew Feni producers actively producing, processing, and distributing Feni in the key production regions. A total of 200 producers were approached, and after validation, 148 responses were considered valid for analysis. The respondents were chosen using a stratified random sampling method. This study employed Partial Least Squares-based Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in the SmartPLS 4 software to analyse the data. This study found that attitude is a strong predictor significantly driving adoption. Perceived economic benefits also impact attitudes and directly affect the willingness to adopt GIs, emphasising the role of economic factors. Additionally, awareness influences attitudes and subjective norms, indicating that informed producers are likelier to have a positive attitude towards GI adoption. This study also found a significant impact of subjective norms on attitudes and perceived behavioural control. These insights can assist policy formulation and boost sustainable growth and cultural preservation.Item Understanding Behavioral Intention to Adopt Electric Vehicles Among Motorcycle Taxi Pilots: A PLS-SEM Approach(World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16, 309, 2026) Korde, ShilpaProgressive advancements in the global economy and technology have propelled human civilization forward; however, they have also inflicted significant harm on the global ecological environment. In the present era, electric vehicle (EV) technology is playing a vital role due to its environmentally friendly technological advances. However, widespread adoption of EVs has been hindered by their limited travel range, inadequate charging infrastructure, and high costs. This can be closely observed when we assess the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) among motorcycle taxi drivers, commonly called ‘pilots,’ in Goa, India. Motorcycle taxis are crucial in Goa’s transportation network, providing affordable, efficient, and door-to-door services, especially in regions with limited public transport options. However, the rising costs of petrol and vehicle maintenance have adversely affected the income of these pilots, prompting concerns about their willingness to adopt EVs. This study aims to analyze the factors prompting the behavioral intention to adopt EVs by motorcycle taxi pilots in Goa, India, focusing on six key determinants: charging infrastructure, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, price value, social influence, and satisfaction with incentive policies. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing stratified proportionate random sampling techniques to collect data from 242 motorcycle taxi pilots registered with the Goa State Government Transport Department. It was analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through Smart-PLS 4.0 software. The research highlights that performance expectancy and price value are the potential motivators for the adoption of electric vehicles. These findings suggest that pilots are more likely to embrace EVs when they perceive tangible benefits in performance and find the cost reasonable in relation to the value offered. The results offer actionable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and other stakeholders. These insights can guide strategic decisions and policy frameworks aimed at fostering a sustainable and user-centric transportation ecosystem.Item Evaluating the Antecedents of Tourists’ Behavioural Intentions Towards Food Preferences in Goa, India: The Mediating Role of Food Aesthetic Experience(Tourism and Hospitality, 6(4), 159, 2026) Korde, ShilpaFood tourism is growing in travel experiences, with tourists increasingly drawn to culturally authentic and aesthetically engaging food. Understanding the psychological and experiential factors shaping these preferences is crucial for enhancing tourist visit intentions. Therefore, this study examines the factors such as attitudes (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), and food aesthetic experience (FAE) that influence tourists’ behavioural intentions towards food preferences (BIFP) in Goa, India. The research extends the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by incorporating food aesthetic experiences as a mediating factor. A quantitative approach was employed, involving a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale, administered to 217 tourists visiting Goa, India, who were selected through a random sampling method. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 4.0. Results show that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and food aesthetic experience significantly influence tourists’ behavioural intentions towards food preferences. Food aesthetic experience emerged as a strong mediator, particularly between attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and tourists’ behavioural intentions towards food preferences. These findings highlight the role of sensory appeal in shaping culinary choices. The study concludes that a holistic approach, supported by cultural education and stakeholder collaboration, can enrich tourist experiences and support food tourism development.Item ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNANCE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS(BIHAR JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Vol. XXI, No. 2,, 2024) Korde, ShilpaResearches on e-governance adoption has increasingly been raised since information and communication technology was used in the public sector. Much research on e-governance adoption has been published over the past ten years. The purpose of this research was to determine the evolutionary trajectory of research in e-governance adoption based on bibliometric gauges such as publications, source distribution, and authors; the co-occurrence and cluster analysis reveals patterns and interrelationships among key concepts, authors, and documents in e-governance adoption. The study also examines the impact of authors, keywords, publications, journals, and countries in the e-governance adoption literature. The present study endeavors to form bibliometric analysis as a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of e-governance literature. After evaluating, identifying, and synthesizing the extensive publications, 239 articles were selected. These articles were extracted from Scopus databases. The research employs VOSviewer and RStudio software for solving research questions. The finding indicates that there has been considerable growth in the research focusing on the adoption of e-governance. The cluster analysis reveals the primary research keywords in the e-governance adoption field delineated by their distinctive association. It also provides the framework for advancing exploration in this particular domain. Keywords: adoption, bibliometric, e-governance, RStudio, VOSviewerItem Analysing E-Governance Adoption in The Digital Era: A Study(Arthamimansa, 2024) Korde, ShilpaIn the awakening of the digital revolution, governments worldwide have increasingly leveraged digital technologies to enhance service delivery through e-governance initiatives. This research endeavors to delve into the multifaceted implications of digital transformation on the adoption of e-governance services. By employing a comprehensive analysis framework encompassing technological and socio-economic dimensions, this study aims to detect the influencing factors on the adoption of e-governance services amidst digital transformation, such as effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, social influence, and trust. Drawing upon a blend of quantitative methodology using a structured survey instrument, data from 80 samples were collected from citizens across the Goa, India to analyze the relationship between these factors and the adoption of e-governance services. Statistical techniques SPSS and PLS-SEM using smart PLS were employed to analyze the data. This study offers intuitions for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to navigate the complexities of e-governance adoption in an increasingly digitalized worldItem Assesment of gap between service quality expectatio and perception: A study of Goan personal grooming industry(Journal of Marketing Vistas, 2017) Pacheco, ZamilaAs the intensity of competition and hostility of environmental factors increases, the concern for service quality grows. Various service organizations are the recipient to the needs of best services demanded by the customers. Service quality is said to be crucial in the hospitality industry, hotel industry, telecom industry, medical industry, banking and other financial industry and personal grooming industry. An attempt has been made in this paper to understand the expectations and perceptions of customers availing personal grooming services in Goa. Therefore, a well administered questionnaire fulfilling the objective needs was circulated to most suitable respondents. A total of 210 questionnaires were circulated out of which only 187 were usable. After applying the necessary techniques like gap analysis & Mean Analysis, the results showed that the expectations were higher than the perception of customers in this industry in Goa.Item Unveiling Key Drivers of Capital Structure: A Sectoral Study of Indian Manufacturing(South Asian Journmal of Management Research, Volume 15, No. 01, 2025) Fernandes, MosesThis research fills a need in the literature by examining, at the firm level, the factors that have a substantial impact on the capital structure decisions made by manufacturing enterprises in India, as opposed to developed economies. Despite extensive research on capital structure determinants in advanced markets, limited attention has been given to emerging economies like India, where the dynamics of corporate finance are influenced by unique institutional, economic, and market conditions. This research explores firm-specific factors impacting the capital structure of Indian manufacturing firms using data spanning the financial years 2010-11 to 2019-20. To ensure robust analysis, the study adopts an innovative methodological framework combining the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique and the Random Forest model, a machine-learning approach. GMM is utilized to address endogeneity issues often present in dynamic panel data, while the Random Forest model identifies and ranks the key determinants of capital structure, adding a novel dimension to the analysis. By employing these complementary techniques, the study provides deeper insights into the factors shaping leverage decisions in Indian manufacturing firms. A significant contribution of this study is its sector-wise analysis, which evaluates whether firm-specific determinants of capital structure vary across different manufacturing sectors. A more detailed comprehension of leverage decisions is provided by this method, which takes into account the fact that different sectors exhibit different financial behaviour and operational traits. Particularly for developing nations, the results highlight the need for sector-specific approaches to fiscal management and policymaking. In sum, by combining time-honoured econometric methods with state-of-the-art machine learning models, this study adds to our knowledge of the factors that influence capital structure in the Indian setting. The results offer valuable implications for corporate managers, policymakers, and investors seeking to optimize leverage decisions in dynamic and diverse market conditions. This study also lays the groundwork for future research exploring the interplay between firm-specific characteristics, sectoral dynamics, and capital structure in emerging economies.Item Estimates of Progress Toward Achieving Sustainable Development Goal-7 by 2030: Insights From Household Cooking Fuel in BRICS Nations(Energy RESEARCH LETTERS, 2025) Undakotti, MohanThe reliance on polluting fuels has sparked global concerns over the environmental and health consequences of pollution. This paper delves into the progress of BRICS nations toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 by 2030, with a specific focus on clean cooking. The analysis reveals a significant decrease in the use of polluting fuels in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. Moreover, it highlights the encouraging emergence of electricity as a popular fuel in rural areas of China and South Africa, indicating a positive and promising shift towards cleaner energy sources.Item Financial reporting quality dynamics in India: the role of IFRS convergence and corporate governance(Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 2025) Gomes, Lorraine; Costa, JuaoThis paper aims to investigate the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence on value relevance and earnings management for Indian listed firms while also exploring whether the relationship is moderated by the firms’ corporate governance structures. Design/methodology/approach Corporate governance (CG) scores of 573 listed firms were calculated by using a self-constructed index for a period of 7 years (2014–2015 to 2020–2021). Static and dynamic panel models with generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators were used to test the conditional hypothesis that the impact of the Indian IFRS converged standards (Indian Accounting Standards [IndAS]) on information quality is affected by the firm’s corporate governance strength. Findings The estimates reveal that the positive effect of corporate governance scores on the value relevance of earnings reduces in the presence of IFRS, whereas the interaction of both the variables on book values remains insignificant. Secondly, the use of IndAS reduces discretionary accruals, but corporate governance does not have a significant moderating effect within the equation. Practical implications The results offer an interesting perspective into the debate on IFRS consequences and the role of internal institutional frameworks. It provides preliminary evidence suggesting that although corporate governance improves the value relevance of earnings, it may not be entirely effective in reducing the management of earnings. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first study in India to provide empirical findings on the role played by corporate governance mechanisms in explaining the relationship between IFRS convergence and accounting information quality. The analysis accounts for modelling issues such as endogeneity and autocorrelation by using dynamic panel models and instrumental variables.Item Opinion of Students of Goa (India) Towards Advertisements: An Investigational Report(International Journal of Academic Research Vol.3, Issue-10(1), October, 2016, 2016) Costa, JuaoTelevision advertisements are powerful tools which influences the public. Most advertisements portray glamorous or larger than life scenario which the teenagers end up watching and comparing with their own lives. These advertisements only generate false values and propagate lifestyles inconsistent with real life. The study was undertaken to find out the opinion of Goan ( India) students towards advertisements. It was observed that there is no significant difference among the students in their opinion towards advertisements. Study was conducted on more than 2000 students from Goa ( South and North) using frequencies, mean score and t test. . It was seen that students in general are not carried away by the exaggerated, deceptive and any other form of advertising. The students have showed a great deal of maturityItem ASSESSMENT OF THE AWARENESS LEVEL ABOUT GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL SCHEMES AMONG WOMEN BENEFICIARIES IN GOA(ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 2024) Dhumatkar, DeepaWomen are an integral part of every economy. A nation’s growth also depends on the overall growth and development of women. The Government of India together with the State Governments is trying to empower the women through various schemes so that they become economically independent. These schemes have played very important role in reducing the vulnerability of poor women, through asset creation, income generation and provision of emergency assistance. However, the success of these schemes is determined by their reach. If the needy women are not aware of the schemes, then it would limit the number of beneficiaries of such schemes and the very purpose of such schemes would not be achieved. The schemes selected for the study were Griha Aadhar Scheme, Mamta Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana and Ladli Laxmi Scheme. The main objective of the study is to know the impact of demographic variables on the awareness level of schemes among women beneficiaries and to know the socio-economic impact of the schemes. Snowball method of sampling was used to select a sample of 220 women beneficiaries for the study. The data was analysed using statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA. It was concluded that moderate level of empowerment was found among women beneficiaries. It was also seen that there was significant relationship beItem ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN BENEFICIARIES THROUGH GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL SCHEMES IN GOA(Phalanx: A Quarterly Review for Continuing Debate Vol-18, No-1, January - March, 2023, 2023) Dhumatkar, DeepaWomen's empowerment is the process of empowering women. Empowerment raises the status of women through education, awareness, literacy, and training. Women's empowerment equips and allows women to take life-determining decisions. They may get the opportunity to redefine gender roles, which in turn provide them more freedom to pursue desired goals. Women’s economic empowerment is an important component of inclusive growth of the country and is also vital for the development of a nation. Hence, creating a favourable climate for women’s active participation in the economic growth is an essential component of women empowerment. The Government of India has started various schemes for the upliftment of women especially for their social and economic growth. One of the schemes initiated by the Central Government in the year 2020 for the benefit of women in the micro food processing industry is the Prime Minister’s Scheme for Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises. The present study deals with the advantages of availing this scheme for the women in Goa and their economic empowerment through this scheme. The finance under this scheme can be availed by women through the SHG membership and individually. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the women beneficiaries were economically empowered and to assess the impact of challenges faced by the women beneficiaries. A study among 150 women beneficiaries was conducted to determine their economic empowerment. the sample was collected by using convenient sampling. Mean, standard deviation and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The mean values of various economic variables selected for the purpose of the study were found to have increased after availing the scheme.Item WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL SCHEMES WITH REFERENCE TO SWARNAJAYANTI GRAM SWAROJGAR YOJANA SCHEME IN GOA(Kanpur Philosophers Vol. IX, Issue I, July 2022, 2022) Dhumatkar, DeepaWomen play an important role in the overall growth of human resources. They can be the part of economic activity and profession, while being the caregivers and mothers of their families and children. Women in India face a lot of social hurdles however, despite all this, women have become successful entrepreneurs. There are several awareness programs conducted in order to encourage women to play a vital role in the development of the country. A lot of attention has been given to the value of women in various development plans across the world. Consequently, in the recent years there has been an increased focus on women empowerment and entrepreneurship. There have been several studies and research done on the dynamics and mobilization of women empowerment. The government has implemented various anti-poverty programs too that failed for proper mobilization by women. However, the development agencies have praised some micro-credit initiatives as an ideal intervention that will lead to a positive impact on economic development and a potential to improve the social status of women. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) Scheme is one of the anti-poverty programs launched by the government in order to boost women entrepreneurship. The SGSY Scheme is aimed to take Below Poverty Line families to Above Poverty Line by focusing on group initiatives to organize rural poor in Self Help Groups (SHGs) with training, social mobilization, marketing, and capacity building, apart from the income-generating assets provision with government subsidy and bank credit. The paper focusses on the concept of women entrepreneurship their empowerment through financial schemes launched by the government with reference to Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) Scheme. This study also concludes that there is a need to empower lower middle-class and rural women also for the overall growth of the State and the Country.
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